Young people are vulnerable to isolation when taking on a new tenancy.
Images: Jura Care Centre, Jura
60. We discovered that the issue of housing was important for a number of different reasons. There are first of all front line staff considerations, where professionals are well placed to identify isolation and loneliness and can act as the connectors between people and voluntary services.38 We also heard of housing services delivering support and activities.
61. We heard of one project that is delivered in sheltered housing and care home spaces where people from the community come into the complex. It was felt that this was very important work in tackling isolation. And we were told about the need for space to do this by Impact Arts.39
“On the option of people being able to socialise near their home, we should not underestimate the importance of the communal areas that typically form part of sheltered housing. We have heard about how much of a problem community transport is and how limiting physical and sensory issues are. As people get older, it is harder for them to go far, so it is important to have the option of a communal area in which residents can organise events and activities and share common interests. We should definitely look at that continuing to be an option.” Yvette Burgess, Housing Co-ordinating Group.40
62. It was emphasised to us that housing should be included in any locality planning under the health and social services integration legislation and we would support this. We believe that housing associations should be included in discussions and decision making because of their role and their links to the third sector. It is also important that existing links should be built upon.
63. We also liked the idea in North Ayrshire of a community hub within sheltered housing and developing services with the third sector for those hubs.41
64. The current statutory obligation to offer housing support to people who are made homeless was brought to our attention. It was felt that any housing support put in place for young homeless people should build in considerations that would aim to help to tackle social isolation and loneliness.
65. We recommend that the Scottish Government encourages the health and social care partnerships to incorporate housing considerations and links with housing professionals in its planning of services.
66. We recommend that the Scottish Government considers the issue of social isolation and loneliness within care settings and sheltered housing as part of any strategy and campaign work.
67. To address social isolation and loneliness we also recommend that the Scottish Government promotes innovation in future housing development in—
- Planning and location
- Design and construction
- Models of occupancy.
“In my 25 years at SCVO, there has always been a need to integrate housing, whether with community care, healthcare, social care, health and social care or whatever. We have always struggled to get thinking about housing properly integrated. On the other hand, imaginative housing solutions are available. We do not have enough of them, but there are some really good models that are not about ghettoising older people in colonies or whatever. There are creative models that involve using communal and personal space in a good way that gets the balance right. Of course we need more social housing that is appropriate for older people. It can be designed in a way that minimises the potential for complete isolation, so that would work.” Martin Sime, SCVO.42
Technology
68. There was agreement in evidence that technology cannot replace face to face contact for both younger and older people. However, we also heard, particularly from ACE IT, Glasgow Disability Alliance and North Lanarkshire, that there should be services to target people who may be digitally excluded. We also heard of the great advantage for older people to stay in touch with relatives or contacts who are a long distance away and the benefits for isolated young people in building up contact online.
“It is not the case that people are not interested in using technology and social media. When we speak to people, we find that they understand the concept of being excluded. They feel left behind. Everybody now knows people who use social media in their day-to-day lives. Not being able to do that is an issue for many people.” Joe McElholm, North Lanarkshire Council.43
69. Witnesses suggested that social media and other digital tools could encourage people to be included and reach young people who might be out of education. Youthlink Scotland44 has worked with other organisations to produce “digitally agile national principles” aimed at promoting inclusive practice.
70. We also heard that the development of internet sites is very important for both younger and older people. An increasing number of older people are accessing the internet, as are their children and families for them, even when they live far away. For younger people, we heard how the most isolated can use forums and networks to stay connected and that social media provides a number of platforms that are free for third sector organisations. There are also social opportunities for people when they come together to learn how to use IT.
71. The development of the right kind of information online can have an impact on those people who do not want to come into contact with services. Whilst this was highlighted in the context of older people’s concerns, we also consider this to be relevant for younger people. We agree that targeting and developing local material, with information that is relevant and up-to-date, is extremely important to move things forward and plan for the future.
“Although transport is at the top of their priorities, people told us that access to information is vital.” Sandra Stuart, Glasgow Disability Alliance.45
72. We recommend that any Scottish Government research on age and social isolation examines the potential positive and negative impacts of technology on people who are socially isolated and lonely.
External meetings and visits
73. We met in Easterhouse in Glasgow and on Islay to hear directly about the issues of social isolation and loneliness affecting people in urban and rural areas.
Easterhouse, Glasgow
Images: Equal Opportunities Committee meeting in Easterhouse, Glasgow on Monday 16 March 2015
74. We heard in Easterhouse of positive work being taken forward to tackle social isolation faced by younger and older people. The services working with young people spoke of the need for help from within the community and the importance of employment opportunities for young people. Chris Kerr from FARE pointed out that the young people who need their help most do not come to the youth clubs and as a result work is taken forward by street work teams.
“People fight to stay as independent as possible and to stay at home, and if that means sacrificing the ability to contact authorities, even in times of need, that is what they will do.
That is why it is really important that the third sector has a big, broad community reach. The third sector is able to reach round the side of the public sector and provide a bit of support that does not mean that people will be taken into a home.” Michelle McCrindle, Food Train.46
75. In Easterhouse witnesses told us first hand of the importance of support to take the first steps out of isolation and loneliness. Projects were aware of the importance of this stage and explained that it was not the case that a person would always need to be accompanied but support at that point could have a life-changing effect. We believe that this is an important factor, repeated in other evidence, that should be considered as part of any targeted development work being taken forward.
76. There are also additional pressures on young people in Easterhouse which leave many isolated. We were told that some young people have further issues because of choices that they or earlier generations of their families might have made in the past to get involved in gangs. The public buses go through many different areas and given that there are about 13 known gangs in the greater Easterhouse area, buses will travel through three, four, five gang areas. We were told that many young people stay away from buses, which stops them going anywhere for jobs. 47 Intergenerational work was seen as important, as was the building of links for people of all ages. We heard that parents can allow young people to stay indoors to use their game consoles for extended periods because they are keeping them away from the streets and other dangers.48
77. We also heard of someone that Recovery Across Mental Health had encountered who had lost all societal contact and who had no heating or electricity, who was driven to scavenging for food.49 Both of these stories brought home the importance of community connections and the societal cost if the problem of social isolation and loneliness is ignored.
Islay and Jura
78. Our meetings on Islay raised issues similar to those heard during other evidence taking. However, there were circumstances on Islay that were tied to living in such a remote area that brought those issues into sharp focus. This was true of transport, housing and technology. On the positive side, due to the small population and community awareness, people helped each other. Professionals knew each other and built strong communication. This was particularly true in the links between health and social work professionals , including GPs, and we were told that weekly communications meetings were seen as a level playing field for the staff involved50.
79. Transport had been depleted, due to the loss of a post bus and there was no public transport on Sundays or in the evenings. Witnesses felt that it needed to be looked at through the local transport forum so that older people could go to appointments and get out in the community. We were told in detail of the barriers that lack of transport created for both older and younger people. For example, many young people outside the central villages are unable to mix and cannot see their friends. We heard that work was being done to share the use of buses and transport but it was clear that greater support was needed.
80. We hosted a ceilidh on Islay with the help of the Kilmeny Ceilidh Club, an organisation that holds regular ceilidhs that help to showcase local talent, bring people together and tackle social isolation. We were told at first hand during the event some of the challenges faced by people on the island and our informal information-gathering emphasised the need for transport to get to activities and clubs. We also heard about the impact of the cost of fuel and living expenses.
Images: The Equal Opportunities Committee hosted a ceilidh on Islay with the help of Kilmeny Ceilidh Club on Sunday 10 May 2015
81. During formal evidence housing support on Islay was highlighted and it was clear that this support allowed professionals to make flexible, considerate interventions that sustained people in their own homes.
“Transport here is such that having a driving licence can make the difference between getting out and about and doing things and being absolutely stuck at home. People reach a point when their state of health means that they can no longer have a driving licence, which can be massively detrimental to their daily life. You see a change in the person because they cannot get out and about.” Lloyd Wells, Islay and Jura Generic Social Work Team.51
82. We heard the issues of availability of housing on the island both for younger and older people and how holiday lets can make properties unavailable. We had hoped to visit an innovative care centre on Jura to see first hand how the centre catered for its older residents and worked inclusively with the local community. Unfortunately the weather did not permit a crossing to Jura and instead we heard formal evidence from the Chair of the Centre the following day. We have published the details of the care centre as an Annex to this report because it sets an example of what can be done and the benefits to the whole community when a housing development acts as a community hub.
“Jura Care Centre was set up to tackle the serious problem of loneliness and isolation among older people and disabled people on the island.
Fundamentally, there is little or no transport. In such a scattered community in which people do not drive, it is almost impossible for people to access all the services.
We started the project in 1996. Since then, the care centre has had a huge impact to the good, and older people can now join in socially, attend clinics at regular intervals, go to the GP surgery with ease, mix with people of a similar age and with young people. The care centre has developed in a way that welcomes all groups. We have a mothers and toddlers group, an art group and so on. All elements of the community mix in the care centre. It also affords reasonable sheltered accommodation for people who cannot manage on their own.” Joan Richardson, Jura Care Centre Group.52
83. Unreliable internet access was seen as a big problem on Islay, restricting professional use and discouraging entrepreneurialism, as well as hampering more social functions like online conversations and social media.
“By introducing people to IT and giving them the skills to get on to Facebook and other social media sites, we are helping them to feel more connected with their community and with family members on the mainland or friends whom they don’t see very often.” Katherine Wells, Timebank.53
84. Evidence-taking on Islay also supported Age Scotland’s view that “many people are medicalising themselves through their alcohol intake”.54 Lloyd Wells, the team leader for the generic social work team for Islay and Jura stated that there are a number of men who are isolated and on their own, without anything to do, “so they generally turn to drink”. 55 We believe that this supports the case for research on both the prevalence and health impacts of social isolation and loneliness.
85. We also heard, as we had during earlier evidence-taking56, of the importance of tackling any bullying at school to prevent social isolation in young people and how this can be a particular challenge for smaller communities.
Equality
“LGBT older adults are much more likely to live alone, to be estranged from their families of origin, not to have had children and not necessarily to have had a relationship, they may still be very isolated from family and communities.” Grace Cardozo, LGBT plus.57
“We are regularly contacted by different national health service departments that are concerned about the lack of engagement with minority ethnic communities across a range of policy areas.” Danny Boyle BEMIS.58
86. Equality issues should be built into any work that the Scottish Government takes forward. The research that we have recommended would bring together more information on how isolation affects people from all of the protected characteristics. In addition, the following points were raised with us during evidence taking—
- The particular issues faced by younger and older people from the LGBT community should be considered as part of any strategy being taken forward
- Services making connections with a range of communities, including ethnic minority communities, is especially important
- If connections for men are to be considered as equally important, services and groups need to consider what works best for them. We have heard that it is important to appeal to men via a shared interest
- People from all backgrounds need to feel that they are making a contribution and volunteering programmes, particularly for young people and those who have just retired, would be a step forward
- Intergenerational work is important in terms of both tackling stereotypes and creating connections.
Conclusion
87. We were proud to hear from Age Scotland that this Committee’s inquiry into Age and Social Isolation is the first of its kind. We were lucky to hear from committed individuals from across Scotland trying to highlight the issue of social isolation and loneliness and to tackle its causes.
88. We were told that the early steps for people who have been affected by loneliness to make connections are crucial. The most outstanding work that was brought to our attention helped people to take those first steps. Effective policy development needs to take account of the significance of this key stage and allow befriending services and other projects to support people to take control of improving their own lives.
89. We believe that a focused approach by the Scottish Government alongside its partners will make a considerable difference and we look forward to hearing how the issues highlighted in our report will be tackled to improve the situation for people affected by social isolation and loneliness.
Links to evidence
13 November 2014 (Budget Evidence – Professor Mercer)
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=9625
5 March 2015
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=9825
16 March 2015
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=9871
26 March 2015
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=9885
2 April 2015
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=9904
23 April 2015
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=9918
11 May 2015
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=9941
4 June 2015
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/ormain.aspx
Summary of written evidence
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/S4_EqualOpportunitiesCommittee/Inquiries/Summary_of_evidence.pdf
Annexe A
4th Meeting, 2015 (Session 4), Thursday 5 March 2015
Age and Social Isolation: The Committee took evidence from—
Anela Anwar, Head of Projects, Roshni;
Susan Hunter, Senior Policy and Research Officer, YouthLink Scotland;
Brandi Lee Lough Dennell, Assistant Policy Director, LGBT Youth Scotland;
Kayleigh Thorpe, Campaigns and Policy Manager, ENABLE Scotland;
and then from—
Pauline McIntyre, Parliamentary & Policy Officer, Scotland's Commissioner for Children and Young People;
David Milliken, Director of Scotland, Home-Start;
Heather Noller, Policy & Parliamentary Officer, Carers Trust Scotland.
Written Evidence
Carers Trust Scotland (300KB pdf)
Carers Trust Scotland Supplementary (382KB pdf)
ENABLE Scotland (485KB pdf)
LGBT Youth Scotland (306KB pdf)
5th Meeting, 2015 (Session 4), Monday 16 March 2015
Age and Social Isolation: The Committee took evidence from—
Chris Kerr, Community Support and Development Manager, FARE;
Michelle McCrindle, Chief Executive, Food Train;
Stephen McLellan, Chief Executive, RAMH;
Pauline Smith, Chief Executive, Connect Community Trust;
Sandra Stuart, Development Manager, Glasgow Disability Alliance (GDA).
Written Evidence
Food Train (160KB pdf)
Food Train supplementary (142KB pdf)
RAMH (96KB pdf)
RAMH Supplementary (198KB pdf)
6th Meeting, 2015 (Session 4), Thursday 26 March 2015
Age and Social Isolation: The Committee took evidence from—
Vivien Moffat, Programme Manager, The Institute for Research and
Innovation in Social Services (IRISS);
Martin Sime, Chief Executive, Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations
(SCVO);
Glenda Watt, Co-ordinator, Scottish Older People's Assembly (SOPA);
Derek Young, Policy Officer, Age Scotland.
Written Evidence
Institute for Research and Innovation in Social Services (IRISS) (312KB pdf)
Age Scotland (262KB pdf)
7th Meeting, 2015 (Session 4), Thursday 2 April 2015
Age and Social Isolation: The Committee took evidence from—
Laura Alcock-Ferguson, Director, Campaign to End Loneliness;
Danny Boyle, Parliamentary and Policy Officer, BEMIS;
Grace Cardozo, Managing Director, LGBT Plus;
Sandra Clements, Chief Executive, CACE;
Sheila Fletcher, Network Development Officer, Community Transport Association (CTA);
Natalie McFadyen White, Development and Consultation Manager, Impact Arts;
Karen Nicoll, Chief Officer, Aberdeenshire Signposting Project;
Jenny Ridge, Chief Executive and Director, ACE IT;
Liz Watson, Chief Executive, Befriending Networks.
Written Evidence
Aberdeenshire signposting project (130KB pdf)
AceIT (140KB pdf)
AceIT supplementary (477KB pdf)
AceIT supplementary (417KB pdf)
Befriending Networks (524KB pdf)
CACE Older People Active Lives (142KB pdf)
Campaign to End Loneliness (462KB pdf)
Community Transport Association (181KB pdf)
Impact Arts (594KB pdf)
LGBT Plus (121KB pdf)
8th Meeting, 2015 (Session 4), Thursday 23 April 2015
Age and Social Isolation: The Committee took evidence from—
Yvette Burgess, Unit Director, Housing Support Enabling Unit, Housing
Coordinating Group;
Jane Kellock, Interim Head of Social Policy, West Lothian Council;
Joe McElholm, Manager Older Adults Services, North Lanarkshire Council
Housing and Social Work Service;
David Rowland, Head of Service, Health & Community Care, North
Ayrshire Health & Social Care Partnership;
Graham Watt, Professor of General Practice, University of Glasgow
Written Evidence
Housing Co-ordinating Group (218KB pdf)
North Ayrshire Council (153KB pdf)
West Lothian Community Health and Care Partnership (194KB pdf)
9th Meeting,2015 (Session 4), Thursday 11 May 2015
Age and Social Isolation: The Committee took evidence from—
Alison McGrory, Health Improvement Principle, Argyll & Bute Community
Health Partnership;
Lorraine Paterson, NHS Locality Manager, Mid Argyll, Kintyre & Islay, NHS
Highland;
Anne Tait, Community Senior Charge Nurse, District Nursing, NHS
Highland;
Lloyd Wells, Team Leader, Islay & Jura Generic Social Work Team;
and then from—
Mairi MacCuaig, Chairperson, Islay & Jura Youth Action;
Petra Pearce, Manager, Islay & Jura Council of Voluntary Service (IJCVS);
Joan Richardson, Chairperson, Jura Care Centre Group;
Katherine Wells, Community Resilience Officer, Timebank.
Written Evidence
NHS Argyll and Bute (246KB pdf)
11th Meeting, 2015 (Session 4), Thursday 4 June 2015
2. Age and Social Isolation: The Committee took evidence from—
Alex Neil, Cabinet Secretary for Social Justice, Communities and
Pensioners' Rights, Scottish Government;
Trevor Owen, Human Rights Policy Manager, Scottish Government:
Equality, Human Rights & Third Sector Division.
3. Age and Social Isolation: The Committee will consider evidence heard.
12th Meeting, 2015 (Session 4), Thursday 18 June 2015
Age and Social Isolation (in private): The Committee agreed the structure
and main themes of its draft report.
16th Meeting, 2015 (Session 4), Thursday 24 September 2015
Age and Social Isolation (in private): The Committee considered its draft Age and Social Isolation report.
17th Meeting, 2015 (Session 4), Thursday 1 October 2015
Age and Social Isolation (in private): The Committee considered a revised draft report. Various changes were agreed to, and the report was agreed for publication.
Annexe B
Written evidence
Abbeyfield Scotland (293KB pdf)
ACVO TSI (80KB pdf)
AdvoCard Collective Advocacy (174KB pdf)
Advocard Collective Advocacy, Highland User Group (HUG) (211KB pdf)
Alzheimer Scotland (245KB pdf)
Angus Council (68KB pdf)
Anonymous written submission 1 (197KB pdf)
Badenoch and Strathspey Community Transport Company (167KB pdf)
British Red Cross (337KB pdf)
Capability Scotland (163KB pdf)
Carers Scotland (210KB pdf)
Carers Scotland_supplementary (340KB pdf)
Centre for Excellence for Looked After Children (CELCIS) (353KB pdf)
Chest Heart & Stroke Scotland (227KB pdf)
Children in Scotland (136KB pdf)
City of Edinburgh Council, Edinburgh Voluntary Organisations Council and Volunteer Centre Edinburgh (325KB pdf)
Contact the Elderly (181KB pdf)
Cunningham, S (4KB pdf)
Cyrenians (247KB pdf)
Down's Syndrome Scotland (221KB pdf)
Dumfries and Galloway LGBT Plus (121KB pdf)
East Ayrshire Health and Social Care Partnership (187KB pdf)
East Lothian Council Children's Wellbeing Service (201KB pdf)
East Renfrewshire CHCP (92KB pdf)
Eric Liddell Centre (66KB pdf)
Evaluation Support Scotland (ESS) (181KB pdf)
Frank, M (121KB pdf)
get2gether (151KB pdf)
Glasgow Centre for Population Health (289KB pdf)
Glasgow City Council (162KB pdf)
Glasgow Old People's Welfare Association (65KB pdf)
GMB Scotland (137KB pdf)
Good Morning Service (479KB pdf)
Health and Social Care Alliance Scotland (344KB pdf)
Health in Mind (121KB pdf)
Healthy Valleys (193KB pdf)
Inclusion Scotland (340KB pdf)
Inverclyde Community Development Trust (216KB pdf)
Jamieson Court Residents' Group and Merrylee Residents and Tenants Organisation (162KB pdf)
Kinnaird, A. (1561KB pdf)
LGBT Health and Wellbeing (314KB pdf)
Lightburn Elderly Association Project (L.E.A.P.) (219KB pdf)
Living it Up - NHS 24 (570KB pdf)
Macmillan Cancer Support (274KB pdf)
Marie Curie Cancer Care (169KB pdf)
Marikar Bawa, Dr F L (122KB pdf)
McCarthy & Stone (210KB pdf)
Mental Health Network Greater Glasgow (144KB pdf)
Merkinch Community Centre (155KB pdf)
Miller, C (24KB pdf)
NHS Ayrshire and Arran (299KB pdf)
NHS Dumfries and Galloway (366KB pdf)
North East Glasgow Suicide Prevention Partnership (444KB pdf)
North East Sensory Services (223KB pdf)
National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) (397KB pdf)
OPENspace Research Centre (224KB pdf)
Orkney Equality Forum (170KB pdf)
Outside the Box (191KB pdf)
Parkinson's UK (238KB pdf)
Paths For All (185KB pdf)
People First (Scotland) (86KB pdf)
Perth & Kinross Association of Voluntary Service (PKAVS) (357KB pdf)
Pilmeny Development Trust (308KB pdf)
PLUS Perth and Kinross (175KB pdf)
Queens Cross Housing Association (367KB pdf)
RCGP (146KB pdf)
RCGP supplementary (2.04MB pdf)
RCGP supplementary (287 KB pdf)
Rock Trust (98KB pdf)
Roncone, M (7KB pdf)
Scottish Council of Jewish Communities (297KB pdf)
Scottish Youth Parliament (199KB pdf)
The Signposters Project (125KB pdf)
The Silver Line (377KB pdf)
South Lanarkshire Council (172 KB pdf)
Stroke Association (84KB pdf)
TrueCall (262KB pdf)
University of Glasgow (238KB pdf)
Up-2-Us (221KB pdf)
Voluntary Action East Renfrewshire (139KB pdf)
Volunteer Scotland (149KB pdf)
VOX (212KB pdf)
West Dunbartonshire Council (153KB pdf)
Westhill Men's Shed (455KB pdf)
Westhill Men's Shed supplementary (611KB pdf)
Who Cares? Scotland (326KB pdf)
Whyte, R (8KB pdf)
WithScotland (202KB pdf)
YouthLink Scotland (388KB pdf)
Any links to external websites in this report were working correctly at the time of publication. However, the Scottish Parliament cannot accept responsibility for content on external websites
Footnotes:
1 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 26 March 2015, Col 17
2 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 26 March 2015, Col 23
3 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 23 April 2015, Col 4
4 CACE Older people, active lives, Written Submission, page 3
5 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 26 March 2015, Col 13
6 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 16 March 2015, Col 40
7 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 23 April 2015, Col 7
8 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 16 March 2015, Col 39
9 IRISS, Written Submission, page 2
10 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 16 March 2015, Col 4
11 Campaign to End Loneliness, Written Submission, page 7
12 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 23 April 2015, Col 33
13 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 23 April 2015, Col 31
14 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 5 March 2015, Col 14
15 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 5 March 2015, Col 38
16 http://www.enable.org.uk/bethechange/Pages/default.aspx
17 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 5 March 2015, Col 19
18 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 23 April 2015, Col 19
19 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 5 March 2015, Col 18
20 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 5 March 2015, Col 33
21 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 26 March 2015, Col 21
22 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 16 March 2015, Col 8
23 Food Train, Written Submission, page 3
24 The Royal College of General Practitioners, Written Submission, page 4
25 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 23 April 2015, Col 6
26 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 23 April 2015, Col 5
27 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 23 April 2015, Col 17
28 Loneliness: The State We’re In, Age UK Oxfordshire (2012). See http://j.mp/LonelyStateIn
29 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 2 April 2015, Col 22
30 The Royal College of General Practitioners, Written Evidence, Page 1
31 The Royal College of General Practitioners, Written Submission, page 3
32 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 26 March 2015, Col 11
33 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 4 June 2015, Col 6
34 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 2 April 2015, Col 28
35 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 26 March 2015, Col 16
36 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 26 March 2015, Col 17
37 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 11 May 2015, Col 3
38 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 23 April 2015, Col 6
39 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 2 April 2015, Col 8
40 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 23 April 2015, Col 24
41 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 23 April 2015, Col 10
42 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 26 March 2015, Col 23
43 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 23 April 2015, Col 26
44 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 5 March 2015, Col 11
45 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 16 March 2015, Col 21
46 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 16 March 2015, Col 25
47 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 16 March 2015, Col 35
48 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 16 March 2015, Col 20
49 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 16 March 2015, Col 27 and 28
50 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 11 May 2015, Col 7
51 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 11 May 2015, Col 4
52 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 11 May 2015, Col 30
53 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 11 May 2015, Col 45
54 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 26 March 2015, Col 22
55 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 11 May 2015, Col 13
56 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 5 March 2015
57 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 2 April 2015, Col 10
58 Equal Opportunities Committee, Official Report, 2 April 2015, Col 15
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